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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naŋam | om joškə̑naŋ |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naŋat | ot joškə̑naŋ |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naŋeš | ok/ogeš joškə̑naŋ |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑na | ona/ogə̑na joškə̑naŋ |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑da | oda/ogə̑da joškə̑naŋ |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑t | ogə̑t joškə̑naŋ |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naŋə̑m | šə̑m joškə̑naŋ |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naŋə̑č́ | šə̑č́ joškə̑naŋ |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naŋe | ə̑š joškə̑naŋ |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naŋna | ə̑šna joškə̑naŋ |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naŋda | ə̑šda joškə̑naŋ |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑č́ | ə̑št joškə̑naŋ |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naŋə̑nam | joškə̑naŋə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naŋə̑nat | joškə̑naŋə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naŋə̑n | joškə̑naŋə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑nna | joškə̑naŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑nda | joškə̑naŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑nə̑t | joškə̑naŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naŋam ə̑l'e | om joškə̑naŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naŋat ə̑l'e | ot joškə̑naŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naŋeš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš joškə̑naŋ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na joškə̑naŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da joškə̑naŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t joškə̑naŋ ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naŋam ulmaš | om joškə̑naŋ ulmaš |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naŋat ulmaš | ot joškə̑naŋ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naŋeš ulmaš | ok/ogeš joškə̑naŋ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na joškə̑naŋ ulmaš |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da joškə̑naŋ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t joškə̑naŋ ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naŋə̑nam ə̑l'e | joškə̑naŋə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naŋə̑nat ə̑l'e | joškə̑naŋə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naŋə̑n ə̑l'e | joškə̑naŋə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑nna ə̑l'e | joškə̑naŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑nda ə̑l'e | joškə̑naŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | joškə̑naŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naŋə̑nam ulmaš | joškə̑naŋə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naŋə̑nat ulmaš | joškə̑naŋə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naŋə̑n ulmaš | joškə̑naŋə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑nna ulmaš | joškə̑naŋə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑nda ulmaš | joškə̑naŋə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑nə̑t ulmaš | joškə̑naŋə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naŋ | it joškə̑naŋ |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naŋže | ə̑nže joškə̑naŋ |
| 1PL: | (joškə̑naŋə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na joškə̑naŋ) |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naŋza | ida joškə̑naŋ |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naŋə̑št | ə̑nə̑št joškə̑naŋ |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naŋnem | ə̑nem joškə̑naŋ |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naŋnet | ə̑net joškə̑naŋ |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naŋneže | ə̑než joškə̑naŋ |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naŋnena | ə̑nena joškə̑naŋ |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naŋneda | ə̑neda joškə̑naŋ |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naŋnešt | ə̑nešt joškə̑naŋ |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | joškə̑naŋnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem joškə̑naŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naŋnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net joškə̑naŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naŋneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než joškə̑naŋ ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | joškə̑naŋnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena joškə̑naŋ ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naŋneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda joškə̑naŋ ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naŋnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt joškə̑naŋ ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | joškə̑naŋnet ulmaš | ə̑net joškə̑naŋ ulmaš |
| 3SG: | joškə̑naŋneže ulmaš | ə̑než joškə̑naŋ ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | joškə̑naŋneda ulmaš | ə̑neda joškə̑naŋ ulmaš |
| 3PL: | joškə̑naŋnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt joškə̑naŋ ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | joškə̑naŋaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | joškə̑naŋman |
| Active participle: | joškə̑naŋše |
| Passive participle: | joškə̑naŋme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | joškə̑naŋšaš |
| Negative participle: | joškə̑naŋdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | joškə̑naŋə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | joškə̑naŋde |
| Gerund of prior action: | joškə̑naŋmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | joškə̑naŋmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | joškə̑naŋšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | joškə̑naŋmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | joškə̑naŋdə̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||